The test is positive if pain is elicited. Then the examiner has to internally rotate the shoulder while at the same time perform a cross-body adduction of the arm. We conclude that either position can be used to strengthen the supraspinatus however, neither position selectively isolates the supraspinatus during manual muscle testing. The examiner must support the arm of the patient at the level of the elbow so that the upper extremity can be as much relaxed as possible. Both positions produced significant activation of the middle deltoid. The Jobe position produced greater activation of the anterior deltoid and pectoralis major, whereas the Blackburn position caused greater activation of the posterior deltoid. Both positions resulted in significant activity of the supraspinatus, but the difference between these two positions was not statistically significant. Fine-wire EMG activity was obtained from the rotator cuff muscles and surface EMG from the other muscles in 17 subjects tested in these two positions. Blackburn and colleagues recommended the prone position, with the elbow extended and the arm abducted to 100 degrees and externally rotated. The position suggested by Jobe and colleagues is with the elbow extended, the shoulder in full internal rotation, and the arm in the scapular plane. We examined the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the supraspinatus and other rotator cuff muscles, the three portions of the deltoid muscle, and the pectoralis major muscle in two previously suggested positions for isolating the supraspinatus.
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